('/workspace/source/test/e2e/explainer/test_art_explainer.py', 38, 'Skipped: ODH does not support art explainer at the moment')ImportError while importing test module '/workspace/source/test/e2e/llmisvc/test_llm_auth.py'. Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names. Traceback: ../../python/kserve/.venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/python.py:617: in _importtestmodule mod = import_path(self.path, mode=importmode, root=self.config.rootpath) ../../python/kserve/.venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/pathlib.py:567: in import_path importlib.import_module(module_name) /usr/lib64/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py:126: in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1204: in _gcd_import ??? <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1176: in _find_and_load ??? <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1147: in _find_and_load_unlocked ??? <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:690: in _load_unlocked ??? ../../python/kserve/.venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/assertion/rewrite.py:186: in exec_module exec(co, module.__dict__) llmisvc/test_llm_auth.py:29: in <module> from .test_llm_inference_service import ( E ImportError: cannot import name '_collect_diagnostics' from 'e2e.llmisvc.test_llm_inference_service' (/workspace/source/test/e2e/llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py)ImportError while importing test module '/workspace/source/test/e2e/llmisvc/test_llm_tls.py'. Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names. Traceback: ../../python/kserve/.venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/python.py:617: in _importtestmodule mod = import_path(self.path, mode=importmode, root=self.config.rootpath) ../../python/kserve/.venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/pathlib.py:567: in import_path importlib.import_module(module_name) /usr/lib64/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py:126: in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1204: in _gcd_import ??? <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1176: in _find_and_load ??? <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1147: in _find_and_load_unlocked ??? <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:690: in _load_unlocked ??? ../../python/kserve/.venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/assertion/rewrite.py:186: in exec_module exec(co, module.__dict__) llmisvc/test_llm_tls.py:29: in <module> from .test_llm_inference_service import ( E ImportError: cannot import name '_collect_diagnostics' from 'e2e.llmisvc.test_llm_inference_service' (/workspace/source/test/e2e/llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py)('/workspace/source/test/e2e/predictor/test_grpc.py', 35, 'Skipped: Not testable in ODH at the moment')('/workspace/source/test/e2e/predictor/test_torchserve.py', 34, 'Skipped: ODH does not support torchserve at the moment')test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'scheduler-flow-control-round-robin', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], prompt='KServe... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-fc-smok-80287f19'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') flow_control_auth = None @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session") @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_case", [ pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-flow-control-round-robin", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="fc-smoke-test", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.flow_control, ], id="flow-control-utilization-detector", ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-flow-control-concurrency-detector", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="fc-concurrency-test", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.flow_control, ], id="flow-control-concurrency-detector", ), ], indirect=True, ) def test_flow_control_smoke(test_case: TestCase, flow_control_auth): """Verify that the EPP boots and serves traffic with flow control enabled. Sends requests with different fairness IDs, InferenceObjective headers, and default headers. When a downstream auth provider is available (via the flow_control_auth fixture), also verifies the auth -> flow control pipeline. """ inject_k8s_proxy() kserve_client = KServeClient( config_file=os.environ.get("KUBECONFIG", "~/.kube/config"), client_configuration=client.Configuration(), ) service_name = test_case.llm_service.metadata.name prefix = test_case.log_prefix test_failed = False if flow_control_auth: if not test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations: test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations = {} test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations.update( flow_control_auth.get("annotations", {}) ) try: print(f"{prefix} Creating LLMInferenceService {service_name}") create_llmisvc(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for ready") wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client, test_case.llm_service, test_case.wait_timeout ) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for model response") > wait_for_model_response(kserve_client, test_case, test_case.wait_timeout) llmisvc/test_flow_control.py:126: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eab21e90>, TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'scheduler-fl... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-fc-smok-80287f19'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m'), 900) kwargs = {}, func_name = 'wait_for_model_response' timestamp_start = '2026-07-16T17:29:36.851056', start_time = 1784222976.8514276 duration = 902.8749163150787, timestamp_end = '2026-07-16T17:44:39.726362' @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): func_name = func.__name__ timestamp_start = datetime.now().isoformat() logger.info( f"[{func_name}] [{timestamp_start}] start - args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}" ) start_time = time.time() try: > result = func(*args, **kwargs) llmisvc/logging.py:40: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eab21e90> test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'scheduler-flow-control-round-robin', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], prompt='KServe... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-fc-smok-80287f19'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') timeout_seconds = 900, extra_headers = None @log_execution def wait_for_model_response( kserve_client: KServeClient, test_case: TestCase, # noqa: F811 timeout_seconds: int = 900, extra_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, ) -> str: def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) > response = wait_for(get_successful_response, timeout=timeout_seconds, interval=5.0) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1119: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ assertion_fn = <function wait_for_model_response.<locals>.get_successful_response at 0x7f02eae34c20> timeout = 900, interval = 5.0 def wait_for( assertion_fn: Callable[[], Any], timeout: float = 5.0, interval: float = 0.1 ) -> Any: """Wait for the assertion to succeed within timeout.""" deadline = time.time() + timeout last_msg = None while True: try: > return assertion_fn() llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1215: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response > raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) E AssertionError: Service returned 401: llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1115: AssertionErrortest_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], prompt='KServe is a', service_name='llmisvc-router-m... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-llmisvc-8461fd55'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session") @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_case", [ pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-gateway-ref", "router-with-managed-route", "model-fb-opt-125m", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-custom-route-timeout", "scheduler-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="custom-route-timeout-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-refs", "scheduler-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="router-with-refs-test", expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0]], routes=[ROUTER_ROUTES[0], ROUTER_ROUTES[1]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=["router-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m"], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-custom-route-timeout-pd", "scheduler-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", service_name="custom-route-timeout-pd-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-refs-pd", "scheduler-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", service_name="router-with-refs-pd-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[1], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[1]], routes=[ROUTER_ROUTES[2], ROUTER_ROUTES[3]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-dp-ep-gpu", "workload-dp-ep-prefill-gpu", "model-deepseek-v2-lite", ], prompt="Delve into the multifaceted implications of a fully disaggregated cloud architecture, specifically " "where the compute plane (P) and the data plane (D) are independently deployed and managed for a " "geographically distributed, high-throughput, low-latency microservices ecosystem. Beyond the " "fundamental challenges of network latency and data consistency, elaborate on the advanced " "considerations and trade-offs inherent in such a setup: 1. Network Architecture and Protocols: " "How would the network fabric and underlying protocols (e.g., RDMA, custom transport layers) need to " "evolve to support optimal performance and minimize inter-plane communication overhead, especially for " "synchronous operations? Discuss the role of network programmability (e.g., SDN, P4) in dynamically " "optimizing routing and traffic flow between P and D. 2. Advanced Data Consistency and Durability: " "Explore sophisticated data consistency models (e.g., causal consistency, strong eventual consistency) " "and their applicability in balancing performance and data integrity across a globally distributed data plane. " "Detail strategies for ensuring data durability and fault tolerance, including multi-region replication, " "intelligent partitioning, and recovery mechanisms in the event of partial or full plane failures. " "3. Dynamic Resource Orchestration and Cost Optimization: Analyze how an orchestration layer would intelligently " "manage the independent scaling of compute (P) and data (D) resources, considering fluctuating workloads, " "cost efficiency, and performance targets (e.g., using predictive analytics for resource provisioning). " "Discuss mechanisms for dynamically reallocating compute nodes to different data partitions based on " "workload patterns and data locality, potentially involving live migration strategies. " "4. Security and Compliance in a Distributed Landscape: Address the enhanced security perimeter " "challenges, including securing communication channels between P and D (encryption in transit, mutual TLS), " "fine-grained access control to data at rest and in motion, and identity management across disaggregated " "components. Discuss how such an architecture impacts compliance with regulatory frameworks (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) " "concerning data sovereignty, privacy, and auditability. 5. Operational Complexity and Observability: " "Examine the increased complexity in monitoring, logging, and tracing across highly decoupled compute and " "data planes. What specialized tooling and practices (e.g., distributed tracing with OpenTelemetry, advanced AIOps) " "would be essential? How would incident response and troubleshooting differ in this disaggregated environment " "compared to traditional integrated systems? Consider the challenges of pinpointing root causes across " "independent failures. 6. Real-world Applicability and Future Trends: Identify specific industries " "or use cases (e.g., high-frequency trading, IoT edge processing, large language model inference) " "where the benefits of P/D disaggregation would strongly outweigh its complexities. " "Conclude by speculating on emerging technologies or paradigms (e.g., serverless compute functions " "directly interacting with object storage, in-memory disaggregation) that could further drive or " "transform P/D disaggregation in cloud computing.", max_tokens=2000, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_gpu, pytest.mark.cluster_nvidia, pytest.mark.cluster_nvidia_roce, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-no-scheduler", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="What is KServe?", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.no_scheduler, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-simulated-dp-ep-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="This test simulates DP+EP that can run on CPU, the idea is to test the LWS-based deployment, " "but without the resources requirements for DP+EP (GPUs and ROCe/IB).", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_multi_node], ), # Scheduler config tests pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-inline-config", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-inline-config-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), # Chat completions endpoint coverage pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], model_name="Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-configmap-ref", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-configmap-ref-test", before_test=[create_scheduler_configmap], after_test=[delete_scheduler_configmap], ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-replicas", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-ha-replicas-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-custom-template", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-custom-template-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), # Scheduler v0.6 → v0.7 migration tests. # Deploy v0.6-style configs and verify the controller migrates them # so the v0.7 scheduler boots successfully. pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-v06-pd-config-migration", "workload-llmd-simulator-pd", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-v06-pd-migration-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-v06-nonzero-threshold-migration", "workload-llmd-simulator-pd", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-v06-threshold-migration-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Precise prefix KV cache routing test pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-precise-prefix-cache-inline-config", "workload-llmd-simulator-kvcache", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="precise-prefix-cache-test", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Models endpoint coverage pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/models", response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="data"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/completions pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches("facebook/opt-125m"), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, peers=[ TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", }, ), ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.model_routing, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/chat/completions pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches("facebook/opt-125m"), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, peers=[ TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", }, ), ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.model_routing, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — LoRA adapter pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", model_name=f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", }, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.model_routing, pytest.mark.lora, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/models (base + LoRA) pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf", ], endpoint="/v1/models", response_assertion=assert_models_contains( "facebook/opt-125m", f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", "lora-adapter-1", f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.model_routing, pytest.mark.lora, ], ), # PVC storage tests -- validate direct PVC volume mount with real vLLM serving pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-simulated-dp-ep-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_multi_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), ], indirect=["test_case"], ids=generate_test_id, ) @log_execution def test_llm_inference_service(test_case: TestCase): # noqa: F811 inject_k8s_proxy() kserve_client = KServeClient( config_file=os.environ.get("KUBECONFIG", "~/.kube/config"), client_configuration=client.Configuration(), ) service_name = test_case.llm_service.metadata.name if not test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations: test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations = {} test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations[ "security.opendatahub.io/enable-auth" ] = "false" prefix = test_case.log_prefix test_failed = False try: print(f"{prefix} Creating LLMInferenceService {service_name}") create_llmisvc(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for LLMInferenceService {service_name} to be ready") wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client, test_case.llm_service, test_case.wait_timeout ) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for model response from {service_name}") > wait_for_model_response( kserve_client, test_case, test_case.wait_timeout, extra_headers=test_case.extra_headers, ) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:810: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f137d50ec10>, TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llm... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-llmisvc-8461fd55'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m'), 900) kwargs = {'extra_headers': {'X-Gateway-Model-Name': 'publishers/kserve-ci-e2e-test/models/facebook/opt-125m'}} func_name = 'wait_for_model_response' timestamp_start = '2026-07-16T17:35:45.768610', start_time = 1784223345.769116 duration = 901.6529974937439, timestamp_end = '2026-07-16T17:50:47.422116' @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): func_name = func.__name__ timestamp_start = datetime.now().isoformat() logger.info( f"[{func_name}] [{timestamp_start}] start - args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}" ) start_time = time.time() try: > result = func(*args, **kwargs) llmisvc/logging.py:40: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f137d50ec10> test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], prompt='KServe is a', service_name='llmisvc-router-m... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-llmisvc-8461fd55'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') timeout_seconds = 900 extra_headers = {'X-Gateway-Model-Name': 'publishers/kserve-ci-e2e-test/models/facebook/opt-125m'} @log_execution def wait_for_model_response( kserve_client: KServeClient, test_case: TestCase, # noqa: F811 timeout_seconds: int = 900, extra_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, ) -> str: def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) > response = wait_for(get_successful_response, timeout=timeout_seconds, interval=5.0) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1119: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ assertion_fn = <function wait_for_model_response.<locals>.get_successful_response at 0x7f137d767c40> timeout = 900, interval = 5.0 def wait_for( assertion_fn: Callable[[], Any], timeout: float = 5.0, interval: float = 0.1 ) -> Any: """Wait for the assertion to succeed within timeout.""" deadline = time.time() + timeout last_msg = None while True: try: > return assertion_fn() llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1215: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response > raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) E AssertionError: Service returned 401: llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1115: AssertionErrortest_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'scheduler-flow-control-concurrency-detector', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], promp... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-fc-conc-1c5a0c75'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') flow_control_auth = None @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session") @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_case", [ pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-flow-control-round-robin", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="fc-smoke-test", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.flow_control, ], id="flow-control-utilization-detector", ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-flow-control-concurrency-detector", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="fc-concurrency-test", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.flow_control, ], id="flow-control-concurrency-detector", ), ], indirect=True, ) def test_flow_control_smoke(test_case: TestCase, flow_control_auth): """Verify that the EPP boots and serves traffic with flow control enabled. Sends requests with different fairness IDs, InferenceObjective headers, and default headers. When a downstream auth provider is available (via the flow_control_auth fixture), also verifies the auth -> flow control pipeline. """ inject_k8s_proxy() kserve_client = KServeClient( config_file=os.environ.get("KUBECONFIG", "~/.kube/config"), client_configuration=client.Configuration(), ) service_name = test_case.llm_service.metadata.name prefix = test_case.log_prefix test_failed = False if flow_control_auth: if not test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations: test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations = {} test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations.update( flow_control_auth.get("annotations", {}) ) try: print(f"{prefix} Creating LLMInferenceService {service_name}") create_llmisvc(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for ready") wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client, test_case.llm_service, test_case.wait_timeout ) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for model response") > wait_for_model_response(kserve_client, test_case, test_case.wait_timeout) llmisvc/test_flow_control.py:126: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eaea8710>, TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'scheduler-fl... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-fc-conc-1c5a0c75'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m'), 900) kwargs = {}, func_name = 'wait_for_model_response' timestamp_start = '2026-07-16T17:45:18.683359', start_time = 1784223918.6842113 duration = 902.1318068504333, timestamp_end = '2026-07-16T18:00:20.816021' @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): func_name = func.__name__ timestamp_start = datetime.now().isoformat() logger.info( f"[{func_name}] [{timestamp_start}] start - args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}" ) start_time = time.time() try: > result = func(*args, **kwargs) llmisvc/logging.py:40: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eaea8710> test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'scheduler-flow-control-concurrency-detector', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], promp... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-fc-conc-1c5a0c75'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') timeout_seconds = 900, extra_headers = None @log_execution def wait_for_model_response( kserve_client: KServeClient, test_case: TestCase, # noqa: F811 timeout_seconds: int = 900, extra_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, ) -> str: def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) > response = wait_for(get_successful_response, timeout=timeout_seconds, interval=5.0) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1119: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ assertion_fn = <function wait_for_model_response.<locals>.get_successful_response at 0x7f02eae36200> timeout = 900, interval = 5.0 def wait_for( assertion_fn: Callable[[], Any], timeout: float = 5.0, interval: float = 0.1 ) -> Any: """Wait for the assertion to succeed within timeout.""" deadline = time.time() + timeout last_msg = None while True: try: > return assertion_fn() llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1215: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response > raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) E AssertionError: Service returned 401: llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1115: AssertionErrortest_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], prompt='What is KServe?', service_name='llmisvc-rout... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-llmisvc-53a6ad30'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session") @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_case", [ pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-gateway-ref", "router-with-managed-route", "model-fb-opt-125m", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-custom-route-timeout", "scheduler-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="custom-route-timeout-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-refs", "scheduler-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="router-with-refs-test", expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0]], routes=[ROUTER_ROUTES[0], ROUTER_ROUTES[1]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=["router-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m"], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-custom-route-timeout-pd", "scheduler-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", service_name="custom-route-timeout-pd-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-refs-pd", "scheduler-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", service_name="router-with-refs-pd-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[1], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[1]], routes=[ROUTER_ROUTES[2], ROUTER_ROUTES[3]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-dp-ep-gpu", "workload-dp-ep-prefill-gpu", "model-deepseek-v2-lite", ], prompt="Delve into the multifaceted implications of a fully disaggregated cloud architecture, specifically " "where the compute plane (P) and the data plane (D) are independently deployed and managed for a " "geographically distributed, high-throughput, low-latency microservices ecosystem. Beyond the " "fundamental challenges of network latency and data consistency, elaborate on the advanced " "considerations and trade-offs inherent in such a setup: 1. Network Architecture and Protocols: " "How would the network fabric and underlying protocols (e.g., RDMA, custom transport layers) need to " "evolve to support optimal performance and minimize inter-plane communication overhead, especially for " "synchronous operations? Discuss the role of network programmability (e.g., SDN, P4) in dynamically " "optimizing routing and traffic flow between P and D. 2. Advanced Data Consistency and Durability: " "Explore sophisticated data consistency models (e.g., causal consistency, strong eventual consistency) " "and their applicability in balancing performance and data integrity across a globally distributed data plane. " "Detail strategies for ensuring data durability and fault tolerance, including multi-region replication, " "intelligent partitioning, and recovery mechanisms in the event of partial or full plane failures. " "3. Dynamic Resource Orchestration and Cost Optimization: Analyze how an orchestration layer would intelligently " "manage the independent scaling of compute (P) and data (D) resources, considering fluctuating workloads, " "cost efficiency, and performance targets (e.g., using predictive analytics for resource provisioning). " "Discuss mechanisms for dynamically reallocating compute nodes to different data partitions based on " "workload patterns and data locality, potentially involving live migration strategies. " "4. Security and Compliance in a Distributed Landscape: Address the enhanced security perimeter " "challenges, including securing communication channels between P and D (encryption in transit, mutual TLS), " "fine-grained access control to data at rest and in motion, and identity management across disaggregated " "components. Discuss how such an architecture impacts compliance with regulatory frameworks (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) " "concerning data sovereignty, privacy, and auditability. 5. Operational Complexity and Observability: " "Examine the increased complexity in monitoring, logging, and tracing across highly decoupled compute and " "data planes. What specialized tooling and practices (e.g., distributed tracing with OpenTelemetry, advanced AIOps) " "would be essential? How would incident response and troubleshooting differ in this disaggregated environment " "compared to traditional integrated systems? Consider the challenges of pinpointing root causes across " "independent failures. 6. Real-world Applicability and Future Trends: Identify specific industries " "or use cases (e.g., high-frequency trading, IoT edge processing, large language model inference) " "where the benefits of P/D disaggregation would strongly outweigh its complexities. " "Conclude by speculating on emerging technologies or paradigms (e.g., serverless compute functions " "directly interacting with object storage, in-memory disaggregation) that could further drive or " "transform P/D disaggregation in cloud computing.", max_tokens=2000, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_gpu, pytest.mark.cluster_nvidia, pytest.mark.cluster_nvidia_roce, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-no-scheduler", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="What is KServe?", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.no_scheduler, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-simulated-dp-ep-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="This test simulates DP+EP that can run on CPU, the idea is to test the LWS-based deployment, " "but without the resources requirements for DP+EP (GPUs and ROCe/IB).", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_multi_node], ), # Scheduler config tests pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-inline-config", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-inline-config-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), # Chat completions endpoint coverage pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], model_name="Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-configmap-ref", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-configmap-ref-test", before_test=[create_scheduler_configmap], after_test=[delete_scheduler_configmap], ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-replicas", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-ha-replicas-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-custom-template", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-custom-template-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), # Scheduler v0.6 → v0.7 migration tests. # Deploy v0.6-style configs and verify the controller migrates them # so the v0.7 scheduler boots successfully. pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-v06-pd-config-migration", "workload-llmd-simulator-pd", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-v06-pd-migration-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-v06-nonzero-threshold-migration", "workload-llmd-simulator-pd", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-v06-threshold-migration-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Precise prefix KV cache routing test pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-precise-prefix-cache-inline-config", "workload-llmd-simulator-kvcache", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="precise-prefix-cache-test", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Models endpoint coverage pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/models", response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="data"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/completions pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches("facebook/opt-125m"), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, peers=[ TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", }, ), ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.model_routing, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/chat/completions pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches("facebook/opt-125m"), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, peers=[ TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", }, ), ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.model_routing, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — LoRA adapter pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", model_name=f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", }, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.model_routing, pytest.mark.lora, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/models (base + LoRA) pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf", ], endpoint="/v1/models", response_assertion=assert_models_contains( "facebook/opt-125m", f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", "lora-adapter-1", f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.model_routing, pytest.mark.lora, ], ), # PVC storage tests -- validate direct PVC volume mount with real vLLM serving pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-simulated-dp-ep-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_multi_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), ], indirect=["test_case"], ids=generate_test_id, ) @log_execution def test_llm_inference_service(test_case: TestCase): # noqa: F811 inject_k8s_proxy() kserve_client = KServeClient( config_file=os.environ.get("KUBECONFIG", "~/.kube/config"), client_configuration=client.Configuration(), ) service_name = test_case.llm_service.metadata.name if not test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations: test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations = {} test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations[ "security.opendatahub.io/enable-auth" ] = "false" prefix = test_case.log_prefix test_failed = False try: print(f"{prefix} Creating LLMInferenceService {service_name}") create_llmisvc(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for LLMInferenceService {service_name} to be ready") wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client, test_case.llm_service, test_case.wait_timeout ) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for model response from {service_name}") > wait_for_model_response( kserve_client, test_case, test_case.wait_timeout, extra_headers=test_case.extra_headers, ) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:810: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f137dccab50>, TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llm... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-llmisvc-53a6ad30'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m'), 900) kwargs = {'extra_headers': {'X-Gateway-Model-Name': 'publishers/kserve-ci-e2e-test/models/facebook/opt-125m'}} func_name = 'wait_for_model_response' timestamp_start = '2026-07-16T17:51:48.058030', start_time = 1784224308.0586329 duration = 903.6344721317291, timestamp_end = '2026-07-16T18:06:51.693106' @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): func_name = func.__name__ timestamp_start = datetime.now().isoformat() logger.info( f"[{func_name}] [{timestamp_start}] start - args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}" ) start_time = time.time() try: > result = func(*args, **kwargs) llmisvc/logging.py:40: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f137dccab50> test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llmd-simulator'], prompt='What is KServe?', service_name='llmisvc-rout... {'name': 'workload-llmd-simulator-llmisvc-53a6ad30'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') timeout_seconds = 900 extra_headers = {'X-Gateway-Model-Name': 'publishers/kserve-ci-e2e-test/models/facebook/opt-125m'} @log_execution def wait_for_model_response( kserve_client: KServeClient, test_case: TestCase, # noqa: F811 timeout_seconds: int = 900, extra_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, ) -> str: def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) > response = wait_for(get_successful_response, timeout=timeout_seconds, interval=5.0) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1119: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ assertion_fn = <function wait_for_model_response.<locals>.get_successful_response at 0x7f137d4c4360> timeout = 900, interval = 5.0 def wait_for( assertion_fn: Callable[[], Any], timeout: float = 5.0, interval: float = 0.1 ) -> Any: """Wait for the assertion to succeed within timeout.""" deadline = time.time() + timeout last_msg = None while True: try: > return assertion_fn() llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1215: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response > raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) E AssertionError: Service returned 401: llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1115: AssertionErrortest_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llmd-simulator-no-replicas', 'prometheus-scrape', 'scaling-hpa'], prom... {'name': 'scaling-hpa-autoscale-hpa-deplo-347a3180'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') @pytest.mark.autoscaling_hpa @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_case", [ pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator-no-replicas", "prometheus-scrape", "scaling-hpa", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="autoscale-hpa-deploy", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), ], indirect=["test_case"], ids=generate_test_id, ) @log_execution def test_llm_autoscaling_hpa_deployment(test_case: TestCase): """HPA + Deployment: VA and HPA exist; pods scale up under load.""" inject_k8s_proxy() kserve_client = _new_kserve_client() service_name = test_case.llm_service.metadata.name try: > _create_and_wait(kserve_client, test_case) llmisvc/test_llm_autoscaling_wva.py:537: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eab6b790> test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-llmd-simulator-no-replicas', 'prometheus-scrape', 'scaling-hpa'], prom... {'name': 'scaling-hpa-autoscale-hpa-deplo-347a3180'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') def _create_and_wait(kserve_client, test_case): """Create LLMISVC and wait for it to be ready.""" create_llmisvc(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) > wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client, test_case.llm_service, test_case.wait_timeout ) llmisvc/test_llm_autoscaling_wva.py:478: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eab6b790>, {'api_version': 'serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1', 'kin...e-hpa-4c186bcf'}, {'name': 'scaling-hpa-autoscale-hpa-deplo-347a3180'}]}, 'status': None}, 900) kwargs = {}, func_name = 'wait_for_llm_isvc_ready' timestamp_start = '2026-07-16T18:01:10.556646', start_time = 1784224870.5569367 duration = 900.5954418182373, timestamp_end = '2026-07-16T18:16:11.152420' @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): func_name = func.__name__ timestamp_start = datetime.now().isoformat() logger.info( f"[{func_name}] [{timestamp_start}] start - args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}" ) start_time = time.time() try: > result = func(*args, **kwargs) llmisvc/logging.py:40: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f02eab6b790> given = {'api_version': 'serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1', 'kind': 'LLMInferenceService', 'metadata': {'annotations': None, ...toscale-hpa-4c186bcf'}, {'name': 'scaling-hpa-autoscale-hpa-deplo-347a3180'}]}, 'status': None} timeout_seconds = 900 @log_execution def wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client: KServeClient, given: V1alpha1LLMInferenceService, timeout_seconds: int = 900, ) -> str: def assert_llm_isvc_ready(): out = get_llmisvc( kserve_client, given.metadata.name, given.metadata.namespace, given.api_version.split("/")[1], ) if "status" not in out: raise AssertionError("No status found in LLM inference service") status = out["status"] if "conditions" not in status: raise AssertionError("No conditions found in status") expected_true_conditions = {"Ready", "WorkloadsReady", "RouterReady"} got_true_conditions = set() conditions = status["conditions"] for condition in conditions: if condition.get("status") == "True": got_true_conditions.add(condition.get("type")) missing_conditions = expected_true_conditions - got_true_conditions if missing_conditions: raise AssertionError( f"Missing true conditions: {missing_conditions}, expected {expected_true_conditions}, got {conditions}" ) return True > return wait_for(assert_llm_isvc_ready, timeout=timeout_seconds, interval=1.0) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1204: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ assertion_fn = <function wait_for_llm_isvc_ready.<locals>.assert_llm_isvc_ready at 0x7f02eae36d40> timeout = 900, interval = 1.0 def wait_for( assertion_fn: Callable[[], Any], timeout: float = 5.0, interval: float = 0.1 ) -> Any: """Wait for the assertion to succeed within timeout.""" deadline = time.time() + timeout last_msg = None while True: try: > return assertion_fn() llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1215: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ def assert_llm_isvc_ready(): out = get_llmisvc( kserve_client, given.metadata.name, given.metadata.namespace, given.api_version.split("/")[1], ) if "status" not in out: raise AssertionError("No status found in LLM inference service") status = out["status"] if "conditions" not in status: raise AssertionError("No conditions found in status") expected_true_conditions = {"Ready", "WorkloadsReady", "RouterReady"} got_true_conditions = set() conditions = status["conditions"] for condition in conditions: if condition.get("status") == "True": got_true_conditions.add(condition.get("type")) missing_conditions = expected_true_conditions - got_true_conditions if missing_conditions: > raise AssertionError( f"Missing true conditions: {missing_conditions}, expected {expected_true_conditions}, got {conditions}" ) E AssertionError: Missing true conditions: {'Ready', 'WorkloadsReady', 'RouterReady'}, expected {'Ready', 'WorkloadsReady', 'RouterReady'}, got [{'lastTransitionTime': '2026-07-16T18:01:23Z', 'message': 'failed to reconcile main workload scaling: failed to reconcile main VA: failed to get v1alpha1.VariantAutoscaling kserve-ci-e2e-test/autoscale-hpa-deploy-kserve-va: no matches for kind "VariantAutoscaling" in version "llmd.ai/v1alpha1"', 'reason': 'ScalingCRDNotFound', 'severity': 'Info', 'status': 'False', 'type': 'MainWorkloadReady'}, {'lastTransitionTime': '2026-07-16T18:01:23Z', 'severity': 'Info', 'status': 'True', 'type': 'PresetsCombined'}, {'lastTransitionTime': '2026-07-16T18:01:23Z', 'message': 'failed to reconcile main workload scaling: failed to reconcile main VA: failed to get v1alpha1.VariantAutoscaling kserve-ci-e2e-test/autoscale-hpa-deploy-kserve-va: no matches for kind "VariantAutoscaling" in version "llmd.ai/v1alpha1"', 'reason': 'ScalingCRDNotFound', 'status': 'False', 'type': 'Ready'}, {'lastTransitionTime': '2026-07-16T18:01:23Z', 'status': 'Unknown', 'type': 'RouterReady'}, {'lastTransitionTime': '2026-07-16T18:01:23Z', 'message': 'failed to reconcile main workload scaling: failed to reconcile main VA: failed to get v1alpha1.VariantAutoscaling kserve-ci-e2e-test/autoscale-hpa-deploy-kserve-va: no matches for kind "VariantAutoscaling" in version "llmd.ai/v1alpha1"', 'reason': 'ScalingCRDNotFound', 'status': 'False', 'type': 'WorkloadsReady'}] llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1199: AssertionErrortest_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-single-cpu', 'model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf'], prompt=None, service_n... {'name': 'model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf-c0d503b0'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session") @pytest.mark.parametrize( "test_case", [ pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-gateway-ref", "router-with-managed-route", "model-fb-opt-125m", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-custom-route-timeout", "scheduler-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="custom-route-timeout-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-refs", "scheduler-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="router-with-refs-test", expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[0]], routes=[ROUTER_ROUTES[0], ROUTER_ROUTES[1]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=["router-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m"], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-custom-route-timeout-pd", "scheduler-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", service_name="custom-route-timeout-pd-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-with-refs-pd", "scheduler-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="You are an expert in Kubernetes-native machine learning serving platforms, with deep knowledge of the KServe project. " "Explain the challenges of serving large-scale models, GPU scheduling, and how KServe integrates with capabilities like multi-model serving. " "Provide a detailed comparison with open source alternatives, focusing on operational trade-offs.", service_name="router-with-refs-pd-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, expected_gateway=ROUTER_GATEWAYS[1], before_test=[ lambda: create_router_resources( gateways=[ROUTER_GATEWAYS[1]], routes=[ROUTER_ROUTES[2], ROUTER_ROUTES[3]], ) ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.custom_gateway, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-dp-ep-gpu", "workload-dp-ep-prefill-gpu", "model-deepseek-v2-lite", ], prompt="Delve into the multifaceted implications of a fully disaggregated cloud architecture, specifically " "where the compute plane (P) and the data plane (D) are independently deployed and managed for a " "geographically distributed, high-throughput, low-latency microservices ecosystem. Beyond the " "fundamental challenges of network latency and data consistency, elaborate on the advanced " "considerations and trade-offs inherent in such a setup: 1. Network Architecture and Protocols: " "How would the network fabric and underlying protocols (e.g., RDMA, custom transport layers) need to " "evolve to support optimal performance and minimize inter-plane communication overhead, especially for " "synchronous operations? Discuss the role of network programmability (e.g., SDN, P4) in dynamically " "optimizing routing and traffic flow between P and D. 2. Advanced Data Consistency and Durability: " "Explore sophisticated data consistency models (e.g., causal consistency, strong eventual consistency) " "and their applicability in balancing performance and data integrity across a globally distributed data plane. " "Detail strategies for ensuring data durability and fault tolerance, including multi-region replication, " "intelligent partitioning, and recovery mechanisms in the event of partial or full plane failures. " "3. Dynamic Resource Orchestration and Cost Optimization: Analyze how an orchestration layer would intelligently " "manage the independent scaling of compute (P) and data (D) resources, considering fluctuating workloads, " "cost efficiency, and performance targets (e.g., using predictive analytics for resource provisioning). " "Discuss mechanisms for dynamically reallocating compute nodes to different data partitions based on " "workload patterns and data locality, potentially involving live migration strategies. " "4. Security and Compliance in a Distributed Landscape: Address the enhanced security perimeter " "challenges, including securing communication channels between P and D (encryption in transit, mutual TLS), " "fine-grained access control to data at rest and in motion, and identity management across disaggregated " "components. Discuss how such an architecture impacts compliance with regulatory frameworks (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) " "concerning data sovereignty, privacy, and auditability. 5. Operational Complexity and Observability: " "Examine the increased complexity in monitoring, logging, and tracing across highly decoupled compute and " "data planes. What specialized tooling and practices (e.g., distributed tracing with OpenTelemetry, advanced AIOps) " "would be essential? How would incident response and troubleshooting differ in this disaggregated environment " "compared to traditional integrated systems? Consider the challenges of pinpointing root causes across " "independent failures. 6. Real-world Applicability and Future Trends: Identify specific industries " "or use cases (e.g., high-frequency trading, IoT edge processing, large language model inference) " "where the benefits of P/D disaggregation would strongly outweigh its complexities. " "Conclude by speculating on emerging technologies or paradigms (e.g., serverless compute functions " "directly interacting with object storage, in-memory disaggregation) that could further drive or " "transform P/D disaggregation in cloud computing.", max_tokens=2000, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_gpu, pytest.mark.cluster_nvidia, pytest.mark.cluster_nvidia_roce, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-no-scheduler", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="What is KServe?", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.no_scheduler, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-simulated-dp-ep-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m", ], prompt="This test simulates DP+EP that can run on CPU, the idea is to test the LWS-based deployment, " "but without the resources requirements for DP+EP (GPUs and ROCe/IB).", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_multi_node], ), # Scheduler config tests pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-inline-config", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-inline-config-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), # Chat completions endpoint coverage pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], model_name="Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="choices"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-configmap-ref", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-configmap-ref-test", before_test=[create_scheduler_configmap], after_test=[delete_scheduler_configmap], ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-replicas", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-ha-replicas-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-custom-template", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-custom-template-test", ), marks=[pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node], ), # Scheduler v0.6 → v0.7 migration tests. # Deploy v0.6-style configs and verify the controller migrates them # so the v0.7 scheduler boots successfully. pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-v06-pd-config-migration", "workload-llmd-simulator-pd", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-v06-pd-migration-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-v06-nonzero-threshold-migration", "workload-llmd-simulator-pd", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="scheduler-v06-threshold-migration-test", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Precise prefix KV cache routing test pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "scheduler-with-precise-prefix-cache-inline-config", "workload-llmd-simulator-kvcache", ], prompt="KServe is a", service_name="precise-prefix-cache-test", ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Models endpoint coverage pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/models", response_assertion=create_response_assertion(with_field="data"), ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/completions pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches("facebook/opt-125m"), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, peers=[ TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", }, ), ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.model_routing, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/chat/completions pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", ], endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches("facebook/opt-125m"), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, peers=[ TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-llmd-simulator", "model-qwen2.5-0.5b", ], endpoint="/v1/chat/completions", prompt="What is KServe?", payload_formatter=chat_completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct", }, ), ], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.llmd_simulator, pytest.mark.model_routing, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — LoRA adapter pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf", ], endpoint="/v1/completions", prompt="KServe is a", model_name=f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", payload_formatter=completions_payload, response_assertion=assert_model_field_matches( f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1" ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", }, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.model_routing, pytest.mark.lora, ], ), # Model-based routing via X-Gateway-Model-Name header — /v1/models (base + LoRA) pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf", ], endpoint="/v1/models", response_assertion=assert_models_contains( "facebook/opt-125m", f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", "lora-adapter-1", f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/lora-adapter-1", ), url_getter=get_model_routing_url, extra_headers={ MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER: f"publishers/{KSERVE_TEST_NAMESPACE}/models/facebook/opt-125m", }, ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.model_routing, pytest.mark.lora, ], ), # PVC storage tests -- validate direct PVC volume mount with real vLLM serving pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-single-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-pd-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", response_assertion=assert_200_with_choices, before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_single_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), pytest.param( TestCase( base_refs=[ "router-managed", "workload-simulated-dp-ep-cpu", "model-pvc", ], prompt="KServe is a", before_test=[ensure_pvc_with_model], ), marks=[ pytest.mark.cluster_cpu, pytest.mark.cluster_multi_node, pytest.mark.pvc_storage, ], ), ], indirect=["test_case"], ids=generate_test_id, ) @log_execution def test_llm_inference_service(test_case: TestCase): # noqa: F811 inject_k8s_proxy() kserve_client = KServeClient( config_file=os.environ.get("KUBECONFIG", "~/.kube/config"), client_configuration=client.Configuration(), ) service_name = test_case.llm_service.metadata.name if not test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations: test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations = {} test_case.llm_service.metadata.annotations[ "security.opendatahub.io/enable-auth" ] = "false" prefix = test_case.log_prefix test_failed = False try: print(f"{prefix} Creating LLMInferenceService {service_name}") create_llmisvc(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for LLMInferenceService {service_name} to be ready") wait_for_llm_isvc_ready( kserve_client, test_case.llm_service, test_case.wait_timeout ) print(f"{prefix} Waiting for model response from {service_name}") > wait_for_model_response( kserve_client, test_case, test_case.wait_timeout, extra_headers=test_case.extra_headers, ) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:810: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ args = (<kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f137d4525d0>, TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-sin... {'name': 'model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf-c0d503b0'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m'), 900) kwargs = {'extra_headers': {'X-Gateway-Model-Name': 'publishers/kserve-ci-e2e-test/models/facebook/opt-125m'}} func_name = 'wait_for_model_response' timestamp_start = '2026-07-16T18:11:17.474076', start_time = 1784225477.4744217 duration = 900.2016968727112, timestamp_end = '2026-07-16T18:26:17.676119' @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): func_name = func.__name__ timestamp_start = datetime.now().isoformat() logger.info( f"[{func_name}] [{timestamp_start}] start - args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}" ) start_time = time.time() try: > result = func(*args, **kwargs) llmisvc/logging.py:40: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kserve_client = <kserve.api.kserve_client.KServeClient object at 0x7f137d4525d0> test_case = TestCase(base_refs=['router-managed', 'workload-single-cpu', 'model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf'], prompt=None, service_n... {'name': 'model-fb-opt-125m-with-lora-hf-c0d503b0'}]}, 'status': None}, model_name='facebook/opt-125m') timeout_seconds = 900 extra_headers = {'X-Gateway-Model-Name': 'publishers/kserve-ci-e2e-test/models/facebook/opt-125m'} @log_execution def wait_for_model_response( kserve_client: KServeClient, test_case: TestCase, # noqa: F811 timeout_seconds: int = 900, extra_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, ) -> str: def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) > response = wait_for(get_successful_response, timeout=timeout_seconds, interval=5.0) llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1119: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ assertion_fn = <function wait_for_model_response.<locals>.get_successful_response at 0x7f137d4c4ae0> timeout = 900, interval = 5.0 def wait_for( assertion_fn: Callable[[], Any], timeout: float = 5.0, interval: float = 0.1 ) -> Any: """Wait for the assertion to succeed within timeout.""" deadline = time.time() + timeout last_msg = None while True: try: > return assertion_fn() llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1215: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ def get_successful_response(): try: if test_case.url_getter: service_url = test_case.url_getter(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) else: service_url = get_llm_service_url(kserve_client, test_case.llm_service) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to get service URL: {e}") from e model_url = service_url + test_case.endpoint headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} if extra_headers: headers.update(extra_headers) if test_case.payload_formatter is not None: test_payload = test_case.payload_formatter(test_case) elif test_case.prompt is not None: test_payload = { "model": test_case.model_name if not extra_headers or MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER not in extra_headers else extra_headers[MODEL_ROUTING_HEADER], "prompt": test_case.prompt, "max_tokens": test_case.max_tokens, } else: test_payload = None logger.info(f"Calling LLM service at {model_url} with payload {test_payload}") try: if test_payload is not None: response = post_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, json_data=test_payload, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) else: response = get_with_retry( model_url, headers=headers, timeout=test_case.response_timeout, ) except Exception as e: logger.error(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") raise AssertionError(f"❌ Failed to call model: {e}") from e logger.info(f"Model response is {response.status_code}: {response.text[:500]}") if 200 <= response.status_code < 300: return response > raise AssertionError( f"Service returned {response.status_code}: {response.text}" ) E AssertionError: Service returned 401: llmisvc/test_llm_inference_service.py:1115: AssertionError